Easter, Good Friday and Easter Monday: History, Traditions, and Global Significance

By Ann Mumbi | International Feature

Each year, millions of Christians around the world come together to observe Easter, Good Friday, and Easter Monday, three interconnected days that anchor the most sacred period in the Christian liturgical calendar. Rich in spiritual symbolism, historical depth, and cultural traditions, these days commemorate the passion, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ — events that are foundational to the Christian faith.

Good Friday: A Day of Mourning and Reflection

Good Friday, observed on the Friday preceding Easter Sunday, marks the crucifixion of Jesus Christ at Calvary. It is a solemn day of mourning, reflection, and penance, acknowledging the suffering and death of Christ for the redemption of humanity’s sins.

Historical Origins

The term “Good” in Good Friday is thought to have evolved from “God’s Friday”, though interpretations vary. Despite the name, the day is sombre Christians around the world attend church services, participate in processions, and engage in acts of fasting and prayer.

Historical evidence traces the earliest Good Friday observances to the 4th century, particularly following the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD, which helped formalise much of the Christian liturgical calendar. The day is part of the larger Holy Week, which begins with Palm Sunday and ends with Holy Saturday, the day before Easter.

Global Observances

In countries such as Italy, Spain, the Philippines, and Latin America, Good Friday processions can be dramatic and deeply emotional, often including re-enactments of the crucifixion. In the United Kingdom, bells remain silent, and altars are stripped in churches. In Germany, public dancing is forbidden on Good Friday, out of respect for the solemnity of the day.

Easter Sunday: The Resurrection and Triumph of Life

Easter Sunday, arguably the most joyous day in the Christian faith, celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, as described in the New Testament. It is the culmination of Lent, a 40-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.

Biblical Foundation

According to the Gospels, Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies and affirming His divine nature. For Christians, the resurrection signifies victory over sin and death, and the promise of eternal life.

Date and Calculation

Easter is a moveable feast, meaning it does not fall on a fixed date each year. It is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox, usually falling between March 22 and April 25. This calculation was formalised by the Council of Nicaea.

Traditions and Symbols

• Easter Eggs: Symbolising new life and resurrection, the tradition of decorating eggs dates back to early Christians in Mesopotamia. In modern times, eggs are dyed, painted, or crafted in chocolate.
• The Easter Bunny: Popularised in Western countries, especially Germany and the United States, the Easter Bunny delivers eggs and treats, merging Christian and pre-Christian springtime symbols of fertility.
• Sunrise Services: Many churches hold early morning services to symbolise the empty tomb discovered at dawn.
• Feasting: After Lent, Easter is marked with festive meals, often including lamb, ham, and a variety of sweet breads and cakes.

Easter Monday: A Day of Continuation and Community

Easter Monday, the day following Easter Sunday, is a public holiday in many countries and carries various traditions and meanings depending on the culture.

Religious Context

In Christianity, Easter Monday commemorates the continued presence of Jesus Christ on Earth after his resurrection. According to the Acts of the Apostles, Christ appeared to his followers over forty days before ascending into heaven.

Cultural Observances

• In Eastern Orthodox countries, such as Greece and Russia, Easter Monday is part of Bright Week, a time of continued celebration and joy.
• In Poland, it is known as Śmigus-Dyngus or Wet Monday, where children and adults engage in playful water fights, symbolising the cleansing power of water and rebirth.
• In Australia, Canada, and the UK, Easter Monday is a day for relaxation, sports events, and community gatherings.
• In many African countries, such as Zambia and Nigeria, Easter Monday is often marked by outdoor festivities, picnics, and church services, highlighting the communal nature of the resurrection celebration.

The Broader Meaning of the Easter Season

Easter is not merely a series of holidays, but a powerful narrative arc of hope, sacrifice, and renewal. From the darkness of Good Friday to the light of Easter Sunday, it reminds Christians of the transformative power of faith, love, and redemption.

Moreover, Easter has transcended religious boundaries to become a cultural phenomenon celebrated in diverse ways around the globe. While its spiritual core remains intact, the surrounding customs continue to evolve — reflecting both local traditions and global influences.

Contemporary Relevance

In an increasingly complex and divided world, the Easter season offers a timeless message of reconciliation, peace, and rebirth. Whether through solemn prayer, family gatherings, or symbolic rituals, Easter encourages reflection on life’s purpose and the enduring belief in renewal — both spiritual and societal.

As the faithful chant “Christ is risen! He is risen indeed!”, the echoes of Easter continue to resonate far beyond church walls, reminding humanity of its shared hope in resurrection and redemption.

Editor’s Note: Easter, Good Friday, and Easter Monday dates vary each year. In 2025, Good Friday falls on April 18, Easter Sunday on April 20, and Easter Monday on April 21.

Content courtesy of NFH Digital Team